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It is important to make a distinction between Item and Record. The protocol text states:
"...An item is conceptually a container that stores or dynamically generates metadata about a single resource in *multiple* formats, each of which can be harvested as [<span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">records</span></span>|Record] via the OAI-PMH \[...\]A record is metadata expressed in a *single* format. A record is returned in an XML-encoded byte stream in response to an OAI-PMH request for metadata from an item...\[bold added by MF\]
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Within DARE, the XML-encoded stream is constructed according to the XML-Container specifications. These specifications are given below.
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The unique identifier identifies an item within a repository. Do not confuse this identifier with the element dc:identifier in Dublin Core. The OAI identifier has a different function: it is used to extract metadata, whereas the DC identifier is used to extract the resource.
Schematically:
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Item incl
Bitstreams
metadataOTHER SETSOAI-PMH InterfaceItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataKEUR SETItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataDARE SETItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataItem incl
Bitstreams
metadataInsitutional RepositoryMetadataPrefix=dare_didl
(verplicht ondersteunen)
Set=DARE of Set=KEUR
DARE + KB
(XML Container)MetadataPrefix=oai_dc
(verplicht ondersteunen)
Alles of Set-based
OAISTER, others
(Open Access XML)Other MetadataPrefix
(optioneel)
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_Toc146962620
_Toc146962620
Additional agreements and recommendations

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According to the proclamation in the same document (*http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-using), the DARE agreement will be that it is also possible to declare prefixes and namespaces in the ancestors of the document.*
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Anchor
nsc-NSDeclared
nsc-NSDeclared
The namespace prefix, unless it is xml or xmlns, MUST have been declared in a namespace declaration attribute in either the start-tag of the element where the prefix is used or in an ancestor element (i.e. an element in whose content the prefixed markup occurs)."


Example of the optional , but not recommended uses of prefixes and namespaces.

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